Hydraphiles and Synthetic Ion Transporters

• Hydraphiles: Design, synthesis, and Analysis of a Family of Synthetic, Cation-Conducting Channels, Chem. Commun. 2000, 1-9.
• A Chloride-Selective, Membrane-Anchored Peptide Channel that Exhibits Voltage Gating, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 1848-1849.
• Synthetic Ion Channel Activity Documented by Electrophysiological Methods in Living Cells, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 15747-15753.
• Dynamic Assessment of Bilayer Thickness by Varying Phospholipid and Hydraphile Synthetic Channel Chain Lengths,  J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 636-642.
• NMR Structure and Dynamic Studies of an Anion Binding, Channel-Forming Heptapeptide, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 1633-1638.
• Carl R. Yamnitz, Saeedeh Negin, I. Alexandru Carasel, Rudolph K. Winter, and George W. Gokel, Dianilides of Dipicolinic Acid Function as Chloride Channels, Chem. Commun. 2010, 2838-2840.
• Saeedeh Negin, Megan M. Daschbach, Oleg V. Kulikov, Nigam Rath, and George W. Gokel, Pore Formation in Phospholipid Bilayers by Branched-chain Pyrogallol[4]arenes, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 3234-7.
  
• Megan M. Daschbach, Saeedeh Negin, Lei You, Matthew Walsh, and George W. Gokel, Aggregation and Supramolecular Membrane Interactions Influence Anion Transport in Tryptophan-containing Synthetic Peptides, Chemistry – A European Journal, 2012, 18, 7608–7623.
  
• Jason L. Atkins, Mohit B. Patel, Megan M. Daschbach, Joseph W. Meisel, and George W. Gokel, Anion Complexation and Transport by Isophthalamide and Dipicolinamide Derivatives: DNA Plasmid Transformation in
  E. coli, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 13546-13549.
  

Cation-pi Interactions, Biological Activity, Pyrogallolarenes

• Lariat ether receptor systems show experimental evidence for alkali metal cation-pi interactions, Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 878-886.
• Synthetic hydraphile channels of appropriate length kill E. coli, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 9022-9023.
• Activity of Synthetic Ion Channels is influenced by Cation-Pi Interactions with Phospholipid Headgroups, Org. & Biomol. Chem., 2006, 4, 83-89.
• Oleg V. Kulikov, Megan M. Daschbach, Carl R. Yamnitz, Nigam Rath, and George W. Gokel, Self-assembled, Cogged Hexameric Nanotubes Formed from Pyrogallol[4]arenes with a Unique Branched Side Chain, Chem. Commun., 2009, 7497-9.
• Oleg Kulikov, Ruiqiong Li, and George W. Gokel, A Synthetic Ion Channel Derived from a Metallo-gallarene Capsule that Functions in Phospholipid Bilayers, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2009, 48, 375-377.
• Jason L. Atkins, Mohit B. Patel, Zachary Cusumano, and George W. Gokel, Enhancement of Antimicrobial Activity by Synthetic Ion Channel Synergy, Chem. Commun., 2010, 46, 8166 - 8167.
• Bryan A. Smith, Megan M. Daschbach, Seth T. Gammon, Shuzhang Xiao, Sarah E. Chapman, Caroline Hudson, Mark Suckow, David Piwnica-Worms, George W. Gokel, and W. Matthew Leevy, In vivo cell death mediated by synthetic ion channels, Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 7977-7979.